The players represent merchants who undertake business trips and buy and sell goods in various cities throughout the region. Resafa lacked its own water sources and therefore relied heavily on large reservoirs to collect spring and winter rainwater and make the area habitable. Players build water tanks and canals to distribute this water where it's needed. In the cities, they build workshops to grow their trade. This allows them to gather resources and camels. They also build gardens between their businesses, generating additional resources and victory points.
Resafa is played over six rounds. In each round, a player performs only three actions by playing action cards.